Milton and the People

Who are 'the people' in Milton's writing? They figure prominently in his texts from early youth to late maturity in his poetry and in his prose works; they are invoked as the sovereign power in the state and have the right to overthrow tyrants; they are also as God's chosen people the guardians of the true Protestant path against those who would corrupt or destroy the Reformation. They are entrusted with the preservation of liberty in both the secular and the spiritual spheres. And yet Milton is uncomfortably aware that the people are rarely sufficiently moral pure intelligent or energetic to discharge those responsibilities which his political theory and his theology would place upon them. When given the freedom to choose they too often prefer servitude to freedom. <em>Milton and the People</em> traces the twists and turns of Milton's terminology and rhetoric across the whole range of his writings in verse and prose as he grapples with the problem that the people have a calling to which they seem not to be adequate. Indeed they are often referred to not as 'the people' but as 'the vulgar' as well as 'the rude multitude' 'the rabble' and even as 'scum'. Increasingly his rhetoric imagines that liberty or salvation may lie not with the people but in the hands of a small group or even an individual. An additional thread which runs through this discussion is Milton's own self-image: as he takes responsibility for defining the vocation of the people and for analysing the causes of their defection from that high calling his own role comes under scrutiny both from himself and from his enemies.<br>