Modern pharmacology-I lab manual

The Pharmacology-I Lab Manual has been specially designed for undergraduate pharmacy students to provide a clear systematic and practical understanding of drug actions and their experimental evaluation. This manual strictly follows the Pharmacy Council of India (PCI) and AKTU syllabus ensuring that students can easily connect theoretical concepts of Pharmacology with practical applications.The book covers both traditional experimental methods and modern software-based simulations making it highly relevant in today’s academic and professional environment where ethical considerations and digital learning are equally important. Each experiment is presented in a step-by-step format including objective theory requirements detailed procedure observation tables results and viva questions which helps students to grasp concepts with ease and accuracy.In addition to experiments the manual provides simplified explanations of pharmacological principles data interpretation methods and real-world applications thereby bridging the gap between classroom learning and clinical relevance. The inclusion of software-based practicals not only reduces the dependency on animal experimentation but also enhances the scope of learning through interactive and virtual simulations.This book will serve as a comprehensive guide and ready reference for B.Pharm students teachers and budding researchers. With its structured content user-friendly presentation and academic alignment the Pharmacology-I Lab Manual aims to make practical learning more effective engaging and student-centered.Whether preparing for examinations performing experiments or understanding the fundamentals of drug action this manual will be a valuable companion throughout the journey of learning Pharmacology.