Morality Without Foundations

Morality Without Foundations investigates fundamental metaethical questions about the meaning truth and justification of moral thought and discourse. Mark Timmons maintains that all versions of descriptivism in ethics particularly certain accounts of moral realism fail. He argues instead that a correct metaethical theory should embrace some version of non-descriptivism. Timmons defends what he calls assertoric non-descriptivism which unlike traditional non-descriptivist views holds that moral sentences are typically used to make genuine assertions. In defending this view he exploits contextual semantics providing him with the semantic flexibility to develop an irrealist account of moral discourse.Timmons goes on to support a contextualist moral epistemology completing his overall version of contextualism in ethics. Like his foundationalist rivals Timmons recognizes that there are moral beliefs that are epistemically basic in providing a basis for the justification of non-basic moral beliefs. Yet he agrees with the coherentist in maintaining that there are no intrinsically justified beliefs that can serve as a single foundation for a system of moral knowledge. Timmons ultimately finds that regresses of justification of moral belief end with contextually basic beliefs--moral beliefs which in the relevant context are responsibly held but in other contexts might not be suitable as regress stoppers.Timmons'' novel defense of morality without foundations offers provocative reading for philosophers working in the areas of ethics epistemology and metaphysics. Yet written with the student in mind his lucid presentation of difficult ideas makes this book accessible to students and newcomers to the field of metaethics.