Tuberculosis (TB) caused by bacteria named Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the second biggest infectious disease after AIDS. The cell envelope of M.tuberculosis contains many unique lipids which play a key role in the pathogenicity. Some of the lipids have been identified as antigens the phenolic glycolipids (PGLs) the lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and the phosphatidylinositolmannoside (PIMs). This book provides a comprehensive discussion about the PIMs epitopes identification synthesis and its immunological activity presented by the the CD1 molecules.