Neurochemical Systems

The content of Volume 8 of the Handbook of Neurochemistry is a perfect example and sample of what occupies neurochemists in the late 1980s. What occupies them are questions concepts and technology that either did not start with the nervous system or rapidly moved out of its exclusivity (see for in- stance chapters on neurotensin beta-lipotropin behavioral and neurochemical effects of ACTH cholecystokinin etc.). Thus the neurochemist is more and more seen as a biochemist occupied by questions concepts and technology that are not unique to the nervous system even though the ultimate substrate of these questions as well as the ultimate functions so studied and occasionally explained are of the nervous system. Look at the case of the hypothalamic hypophysiotropic peptides also called hypothalamic releasing factors or hypothalamic releasing hormones. These are all small-to-medium-size polypeptides originally characterized in ex- tracts of the hypothalamus on the basis of bioassays directed at studying their effects on one or another of the secretions of the adenohypophysis. We know now that TRFs (See Chapter 8) the thyrotropin and prolactin releasing factor somatostatin the hypothalamic inhibitor of the secretion of growth hormone as well as LRF the hypothalamic decapeptide stimulating the secretion of pituitary gonadotropins are to be found in parts of the brain other than the hypothalamus where their function is obviously not hypophysiotropic. Such is also the case for CRF-the corticotropin and beta-endorphin releasing factor.