Norms in International Relations

<p><b>In this second edition of </b><b><i>Norms in International Relations</i></b><b> Audie Klotz revisits the global struggle against apartheid and considers its impact on how we grapple with race and racism in international relations today.</b></p><p>Originally published in the wake of South Africa's democratic transition <i>Norms in International Relations</i> documented how sustained international activism transformed apartheid from a domestic injustice into a global problem. Through chapters on multilateral institutions and bilateral pressures Klotz showed how sanctions campaigns challenged state interests and reshaped global norms.</p><p>This second edition retains the original chapters as a historical snapshot of late-Cold War diplomacy while new material traces the evolving meaning of apartheid itself--from a uniquely racialized regime to a more diffuse symbol of inequality. Klotz cautions that as apartheid becomes a generalized moral shorthand its roots in systemic anti-Blackness risk being obscured.</p><p>Bringing together case study specificity with broad contemporary resonance this second edition invites new readers to rethink the politics of race resistance and norm diffusion in international relations--and to confront what the field still too often leaves out.</p>