OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA

The condition known as obstructive sleep apnea which causes oxygen desaturation and disturbed sleep is becoming more and more prevalent. Sleepiness snoring and observed apneas are characteristics. A tiny upper airway lumen unstable respiratory control low arousal threshold small lung volume and malfunctioning upper airway dilator muscles are among the predisposing variables albeit the pathogenesis varies. Obesity male sex age menopause adenotonsillar hypertrophy fluid retention and smoking are risk factors. A significant portion of the population suffers from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) which is defined by frequent complete or partial blockage of the upper airway (UA) during sleep. It has a detrimental short and long term impact on patients' quality of life and is a significant public health issue for society. Because of their intimate relationship to the upper airway orthodontists are well positioned to identify air flow problems and take appropriate action. As medical practitioners orthodontists need to be able to identify respiratory issues and treat them effectively when necessary.