Patterns of Semantic Change due to Latin Influences on the English Language in the Early Modern English Period

Examination Thesis from the year 2010 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics grade: 20 http: //uni-jena.de/ (Institut fr Anglistik/Amerikanistik) language: English abstract: Throughout the history of English the language was changing steadily. Not only was the English grammar pronunciation or vocabulary being altered over the centuries but also the semantics of the lexemes. The changes in the field of semantics might have had several reasons. According to Antoine Meillet a French linguist there are basically three major causes of semantic change: changes of the socio-cultural circumstances the linguistic context in which a word is used or changes of the respective concept itself or of the point of view from which the concept is seen. The third and most significant factor that has a considerable impact on the semantics of words is the influence of foreign languages and to be more precise the influence of borrowings. This paper deals with semantic changes due to Latin influences on the English language in the Early Modern English period. The aim of the following analysis is to determine potential patterns of meaning alterations of English lexemes that were caused by the influx of Latin-derived equivalents between the fifteenth and the eighteenth centuries. In the subsequent sections the Early Modern English period is portrayed including its historical and social-cultural backgrounds. Afterwards the roles of Latin and English in that time will be illustrated also considering the integration of Latin loanwords into English. In order to discuss meaning changes due to Latin influences we will then take a closer look at language modifications in general lexical change and the various types of semantic change by which English words might have been affected. The sections following these illustrations are going to contain the semantic analysis of exemplary synonymous pairs each consisting of an English element and its Latin