In this book the author presents reflections on the history of African countries based on Samora Moisés Machel's integrative vision of development peace and security in southern Africa. It also highlights conceptual issues of gender in Africa and the central role of women in the struggles for independence in Mozambique Zimbabwe Angola and other southern African countries. In addition in the context of his research the author provides a brief historical overview of oral traditions as one of the ways of reconstructing the historical past.