Philoponus: On Aristotle Physics 3

Book 3 of Aristotle''s Physics primarily concerns two important concepts for his theory of nature: change and infinity. Change is important because in Book 2 he has defined nature - the subject-matter of the Physics - as an internal source of change. Much of his discussion is dedicated to showing that the change occurs in the patient which undergoes it not in the agent which causes it. Thus Book 3 is an important step in clearing the way for Book 8''s claims for a divine mover who causes change but in whom no change occurs. The second half of Book 3 introduces Aristotle''s doctrine of infinity as something which is always potential never actual never traversed and never multiplied. Here as elsewhere Philoponus the Christian turns Aristotle''s own infinity arguments against the pagan Neoplatonist belief in a beginningless universe. Such a universe Philoponus replies would involve actual infinity of past years already traversed and a multiple number of past days. The commentary also contains intimations of the doctrine of impetus - which has been regarded in its medieval context as a scientific revolution - as well as striking examples of Philoponus'' use of thought experiments to establish philosophical and broadly scientific conclusions.