Phloem limited pathogens of grapevine in the Republic of Macedonia

Phytoplasmic changes as well as virus diseases of one of the most promising crops in the Republic of Macedonia the grapevine are among the least studied and researched pathogenic changes in the country. During the period dedicated to the research the situation was constantly monitored from the aspect of symptomatology. The collected material was analyzed in the Laboratory of plant and environment protection and typification of the present pathogens was carried out by using modern molecular methods of PCR / RFLP by studying seven phytoplasmic gene loci: 16S rRNA tuf vmp1 gene (stol - 1H0) stamp gene trxA-truB gene rplS - csdB gene cbiQ - glyA gene for the detection of the type of the present phytoplasmas. By applying serological ELISA technique and RT-PCR molecular diagnostics we determined the presence of the most widely distributed phloemic viruses in grapevine - Grapevine leafroll associated virus GLRaV (-1 -2 -3 -7).