Plant Extracts for Biological Control of Some Plant Pathogenic Fungi

Plant extracts [Allium cepa (Onion) Allium sativum (Garlic) Artemisia judaica (Artemisia) Carum carvi (Caraway) Datura stramonium (Datura) Eruca sativa (Rocket) Eucalyptus globulus (Camphor) Mentha viridis (Spearmint) Nigella sativa (Nigella) Ricinus communis (Castor bean) Thymus vulgaris (Thyme)] Plant materials (leaves flowers seeds bulb cloves and peels) Plant pathogens [Alternaria alternata Aspergillus flavus Botrytis cinerea Fusarium oxysporum Fusarium solani Rhizoctonia solani Sclerotinia sativa Sclerotium bataticola Sclerotium rolfsii] Pathogenicity tests Preparation of plant extracts Extraction with water Extraction with methanol Antifungal activity of plant extracts on the mycelial growth Antifungal activity of plant extracts on germination of fungal spores Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) The MIC of plant extracts for fungal growth The MIC of plant extracts versus germination of fungal spores Greenhouse Experiments: Effect of cowpea seed-soaking in plant extracts on the development of the damping-off disease Statistical analysis.