Prelude to the Mahdiyya

During the first colonial period (the Turkiyya 182185) the Shendi region of the Northern Sudan was inhabited by peasants traders and nomads. This book analyses socio-economic change among the peasants and traders during this formative period of Sudanese history. Administration agriculture and trade in transition from a pre-colonial to a colonial economy are discussed. Anders Bjrkelo argues that Turkish demands for cash-crop cultivation and taxation in cash ruined the villages and towns and undermined the local subsistence economy and that the role of traders as mediators in the process of monetisation contributed to stagnation and rural indebtedness. By combining a thorough mastery of the travel literature with examination of previously unknown manuscript sources notably the private papers of a prominent Sudanese merchant he is able to offer a closer view of the situation of trader and peasant families. For the first time it is possible to consider the period from a Sudanese point of view. Dr Bjrkelo concludes that General Gordon''s policy of driving back to the impoverished north the waves of emigrants to the Southern Sudan was instrumental in triggering off the Mahdist movement and also interestingly suggests points of comparison between reactions to Muslim as against European imperialism.