Principles of Language Learning and Teaching

This current book is designed to present diverse approaches and strategies for preparing competent teachers who work with either English Language Learners (ELLs) or students who speak English as a Second Language (ESL). The pedagogical approaches discussed herein include practical and hands-on activities for teachers at any level. Bilingual learning improves ELL’s cognitive development as well as their self-esteem. This book also outlines underlying principles for the best practices with an emphasis on ESL/ EFL students and also to other learning situations and students. Teachers can modify their instructional methods to adjust ELL’s learning needs. Specifically even though the discussion is framed in the context of EFL students in Iranian classrooms it is applicable to TEFL (Teaching English as a Foreign Language) environments in schools and other centers of learning.