Probability

Probability is a fundamental branch of mathematics that deals with the study of randomness uncertainty and chance. It provides a mathematical framework for analyzing and quantifying the likelihood of different events occurring. The book would typically cover: 1. Basic probability concepts definition of probability sample spaces and events probability axioms and rules;2. Probability calculations combinatorics permutations and combinations calculation of probabilities of complex events;3. Probability distributions discrete and continuous probability distributions normal distribution binomial poisson and other important distributions;4. Statistical inference hypothesis testing confidence intervals sampling techniques;5. Practical applications probability in real-world scenarios decision-making under uncertainty applications in fields like finance science and engineering.