Proletarian Science?

The Soviet agronomist Trofim Lysenko who died in 1976 symbolizes one of the most notorious yet obscure episodes in the history of the Soviet Union. Emerging from provincial shadows in the Ukraine during the twenties Lysenko achieved a meteoric career under Stalins dictatorship when ever greater claims were officially made for his environmentalism. Overlord and autocrat of all Soviet biology after the Second World War Lysenkos doctrines were promulgated throughout the international communist movement - from Britain to Japan - as a specifically proletarian science as opposed to mere bourgeois science. After Stalins death Lysenko soon plunged into discredit - although his agricultural recipes were to be approved again by Khruschev.. Dominique Lecourt - author of the highly successful study Marxism and Epistemology - poses the question: what was the historical meaning of Lysenko? Was Lysenko no more than a brutal charlatan? Or did his ideas correspond - not to any canon of science - but to wider social forces at work in the USSR? Lecourts sardonic and perceptive study provides a definitive critique of the follies of anti-Mendelian biology and a materialist account of the reasons for its triumph in Russia during the rule of Stalin. An important afterword traces the original idea of a proletarian science to its source in Bogdanov.. In a major introductory essay Louis Althusser poses the acute political problems which the history of Lysenko still represents for Communists everywhere and for the first time directly indicts political repression in the USSR today.