Quantum Logic Designing and Processing

The elementary logic gates of a classical computer other than the NOT gate are not reversible. Thus for instance for an AND gate one cannot recover the two input bits from the output bit; for example if the output bit is 0 we cannot tell from this whether the input bits are 01 or 10 or 00. However reversible gates in classical computers are easily constructed for bit strings of any length; moreover these are actually of practical interest since they do not increase entropy. A reversible gate is a reversible function on n-bit data that returns n-bit data where an n-bit data is a string of bits x1x2 ...xn of length n. The set of n-bit data is the space {0 1}n which consists of 2n strings of 0''s and 1''s.spintronics (a portmanteau meaning spin transport electronics also known as spinelectronics or fluxtronics is the study of the intrinsic spin of the electron and its associated magnetic moment in addition to its fundamental electronic charge in solid-state devices.Spintronics differs from the older magnetoelectronics in that spins are manipulated by both magnetic and electrical fields. This book is systematic representation of the future electronic.