Rational drug therapy monitoring of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a progressive disease characterised by defects in insulin secretion insulin action or both. Proper management of diabetes with appropriate drug and lifestyle interventions guided by proper glycaemic monitoring has shown improved glycaemic control and a substantial decrease in morbidity associated with complications and mortality. Evidence-based guidelines for the appropriate management of diabetes suggests the use of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) as monitoring indicators and have set targets levels that indicate appropriate glucose control. In the event of suboptimal control actions steps to adjust pharmacotherapeutic treatment has been set out. Of the two aforementioned glycaemic monitoring indicators HbA1c is termed the ‘gold standard’ as it provides the most comprehensive data i.e. it reflects both fasting and postprandial glucose concentrations over a 3 months period as compared to FPG which only show glucose levels for a few hours.