<p>The increasing demand for alternative energy feedstocks is pushing many stakeholders toward the development of new processes technologies regulations as well as new production and economical models. Waste oils represent a consolidated source of valuable raw materials for many industries and as in the case of used vegetable oils fit well with the medium- and long-term sustainability objectives of industrialized countries. Waste oils are transversal to many value chains such as food the plastic industry and fossil fuel extraction; thus they could represent precious raw materials if properly exploited.</p><p>In this context a state of the art is provided which covers technical regulatory and research aspects of the topic.</p>