In this book Hayward Alker presents his principal methodological rediscoveries of the past twenty years. He provides a rich set of humanistic alternatives to the conventional scientific approaches within international studies and social science more generally. He offers a reinterpretation of premodern modern and postmodern thinkers from Aristotle to Connolly and argues that the humanistic and scientific modes of inquiry can be integrated into a rigorous philosophically rationalized methodology for international studies.