Regional Groundwater-flow Model of the Redwall-Muav Coconino and Alluvial Basin Aquifer Systems of Northern and Central Arizona

<p>A numerical flow model (MODFLOW) of the groundwater flow system in the primary aquifers in northern Arizona was developed to simulate interactions between the aquifers perennial streams and springs for predevelopment and transient conditions during 1910 through 2005. Simulated aquifers include the Redwall-Muav Coconino and basin-fill aquifers. Perennial stream reaches and springs that derive base flow from the aquifers were simulated including the Colorado River Little Colorado River Salt River Verde River and perennial reaches of tributary streams. Simulated major springs include Blue Spring Del Rio Springs Havasu Springs Verde River headwater springs several springs that discharge adjacent to major Verde River tributaries and many springs that discharge to the Colorado River. Estimates of aquifer hydraulic properties and groundwater budgets were developed from published reports and groundwater-flow models. Spatial extents of aquifers and confining units were developed from geologic data geophysical models a groundwater-flow model for the Prescott Active Management Area drill logs geologic logs and geophysical logs. Spatial and temporal distributions of natural recharge were developed by using a water-balance model that estimates recharge from direct infiltration. Additional natural recharge from ephemeral channel infiltration was simulated in alluvial basins. Recharge at wastewater treatment facilities and incidental recharge at agricultural fields and golf courses were also simulated. Estimates of predevelopment rates of groundwater discharge to streams springs and evapotranspiration by phreatophytes were derived from previous reports and on the basis of streamflow records at gages. Annual estimates of groundwater withdrawals for agriculture municipal industrial and domestic uses were developed from several sources including reported withdrawals for nonexempt wells estimated crop requirements for agricultural wells and estimated per capita water use for exempt wells. Accuracy of the simulated groundwater-flow system was evaluated by using observational control from water levels in wells estimates of base flow from streamflow records and estimates of spring discharge.</p><p>This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore you will see the original copyright references library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world) and other notations in the work.</p><p>This work is in the public domain in the United States of America and possibly other nations. Within the United States you may freely copy and distribute this work as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.</p><p>As a reproduction of a historical artifact this work may contain missing or blurred pages poor pictures errant marks etc. Scholars believe and we concur that this work is important enough to be preserved reproduced and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.</p>