Research on Pomegranate Germplasm Breeding Genetics and Multiomics

<p>This Special Issue of <em>Horticulturae</em> presents ten studies on pomegranate covering genetics physiology disease resistance postharvest treatment and cultivar phenotyping. These studies provide insights to advance breeding quality enhancement and cultivation practices addressing the rising interest in this fruit. Genetics is a key focus with research being conducted on the anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) gene family for pigmentation R2R3-MYB transcription factors affecting flavonoid biosynthesis and expansin genes influencing fruit texture. Together these findings support breeding for improved nutritional and esthetic traits. Additionally studies on the UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) and laccase gene families highlight their roles in bioactive compound production and structural resilience respectively aiding efforts to enhance pomegranate's health benefits and durability. Postharvest research includes the use of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) to prolong shelf life and resistance to anthracnose rot promoting disease-resistant cultivars. Studies on reproductive development such as miRNA involvement in pistil growth and phenotypic diversity across cultivars contribute to selective breeding based on morphological and chemical traits. A review summarizes progress in pomegranate genetics and breeding discussing challenges and future directions. Collectively these studies enhance our understanding of pomegranate guiding breeding cultivation and postharvest strategies to support industry needs.</p>