Risks and management of two opposite GI-pathophysiological damage

Common functional gastroenterological disorders such as constipation and diarrhea are widely associated with a decrease in life quality. The purpose of this project is to provide information about the risk factors of both disorders such as chemotherapy radiotherapy inflammatory bowel disease post-operative bowel management the lifestyle of food habits diabetes obesity dysbiosis brain-gut axis dysfunction psychosocial factors and COVID-19. More recently COVID-19 had at least one gastrointestinal symptom. The laxative stimulants are used to promote the intestinal mucosa improving the secretion of normal water and electrolytes which encourages peristalsis activity. But long-term use of these agents may cause many side effects. Non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments have been used to manage these affections. Many natural compounds with laxative and benefit effects as well as the use of probiotics prebiotics and synbiotics have been reported as novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of constipation/diarrhea and the improvement of the gastrointestinal structure/function and composition.