ROLE OF HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS IN ORAL CANCER

Head and neck cancers (HNC) in the upper aerodigestive tract tumours are most prevalent. The pathogenesis of HNC is complex include several factors such as smoking and alcohol intake; oncogenic viruses have also been identified as a major cause of HNC in the recent two decades. Nasopharyngeal cancer and oropharyngeal cancer have several major etiological agents. Current treatment options including radiotherapy chemotherapy targeted therapies and immunotherapies are distributed in order to improve overall patient prognosis and survival rates. However the interplay between viral genome sequences and the health disease geography and ethnicity of the host is crucial for understanding the role of viruses and for the development of potential personalized treatment and prevention strategies. This review provides the most comprehensive analysis to date of a vast field including HNC risk factors as well as viral mechanisms of infection and their role in HNC development. Additionally currently available treatment options investigated through clinical practice are emphasized in this review.