Role of olive oil phenolic in experimental diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic endocrine disease characterized by high blood glucose levels associated with disturbances in carbohydrate lipid and protein metabolism due to deficiency in the production of insulin or due to insulin resistance. It is one of the most challenging health problems in the 21st century. Type-2 DM is a complex heterogeneous and polygenic disease characterized mainly by insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction which leads to hyperglycemia. Liver is an insulin-sensitive tissue and plays a major role in maintaining glucose homeostasis by coordinated regulation of several metabolic pathways including gluconeogenesis and glycolysis. Many researches have reported that deterioration of insulin control exacerbates metabolic disturbances by diminishing of the activities of enzymes in the glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathways while increasing the activities of gluconeogenic and glycogenolytic pathways. These modifications impair peripheral glucose utilization and increase hepatic glucose production. Since the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism is the major therapeutic approaches to control the DM and its complications.