Secundum Naturam (According to Nature)

Stoicism is a logical philosophy. Herein one may learn to reason like a Stoic which leads to making progress toward living in accord with nature and from which an abiding happiness is produced.. Secundum Naturam is an exploration of Stoicism given the thesis that the philosophical doctrines derive from Stoic logic. Itself Stoic logic derives from one first principle: contradiction does not exist in nature although we contradict nature when we err. The connectives modalities and argument resolutions are all defined with respect to contradiction as conflict (between Both p and Not p). And when your will contradicts nature you are living contrary to nature while the goal is to live secundum naturam according to nature.. This exploration has borne much fruit. As merely a sample learn how to distinguish knowledge from opinion with apprehension (katalepsis); this is fundamental to Stoicism and nobody practices Stoicism without it. Axiomata are regarded as self-evident axioms (not propositions!). Dwelling in advance (praemeditatio malorum) is the anticipation of the proximate causes of one's passions not the anticipation of externals to be overcome such as worst-case scenarios. Oikeiosis is interpreted as the self-optimization of the soul. And Stoicism is harder than hard determinism it is logical necessaritarianism.. Best of all learn how to improve yourself with Stoic logic according to reason according to nature only with Secundum Naturam.