Seeing Through Self-Deception

What is it to deceive someone? And how is it possible to deceive oneself? Does self-deception require that people be taken in by a deceitful strategy that they know is deceitful? The literature is divided between those who argue that self-deception is intentional and those who argue that it is nonintentional. In this study Annette Barnes offers a challenge to both the standard characterization of the deception of others and current characterizations of self-deception examining the available explanations and exploring such questions as the self-deceiver''s false consciousness bias and the irrationality of self-deception.