Smart Antennas with various Direction of Arrival Algorithms

Smart antennas (also known as adaptive array antennas digital antenna arrays multiple antennas and recently MIMO) are antenna arrays with smart signal processing algorithms used to identify spatial signal signatures such as the direction of arrival (DOA) of the signal and use them to calculate beamforming vectors which are used to track and locate the antenna beam on the mobile/target. Smart antennas should not be confused with reconfigurable antennas which have similar capabilities but are single element antennas and not antenna arrays. Smart antenna techniques are used notably in acoustic signal processing track and scan radar radio astronomy and radio telescopes and mostly in cellular systems like W-CDMA UMTS and LTE. Smart antennas have many functions: DOA estimation beamforming interference nulling and constant modulus preservation.