In this manual we can find a short history of anthropology in general. Next we present and discuss anthropological theories and currents: evolutionist diffusionist functionalist structuralist with their respective critical reflections. We also deal with the types of anthropology: ethnology linking ethnicity the sense of Bantu and Bantuism knowledge in Africa - myth ethnophilosophy African philosophy and more - cultural anthropology giving more emphasis to the concept of culture facts ideofacts artefacts endogenous and exogenous factors kinship patrilineal and matrilineal lineage cultural dynamics and globalization enculturation acculturation deculturation cultural heterogenity and homegenity cultural rites and their ceremonies marriage dowry and wolf polygamy and Family Law in Mozambique witchcraft sorcery and magic; applied social anthropology linguistic anthropology religious anthropology physical or biological anthropology philosophical anthropology political anthropology health anthropology ecosystem anthropology with an ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants marketed.