Socio-environmental impacts of wetland occupation

This book analyzes the environmental and social consequences of the disorderly occupation of wetlands in Maputo. The study combines literature review direct observation interviews and questionnaires revealing how urban sprawl compromises fragile ecosystems and the quality of life of local communities. Among the main environmental impacts identified are flooding soil sealing and erosion compaction and destruction of vegetation cover which increase the vulnerability of the territory. In the social field the inadequate disposal of solid waste the proliferation of diseases such as malaria and diarrhea as well as increased insecurity and crime stand out. Despite this some positive impacts were recognized such as the generation of income through agriculture and fishing as well as the proximity to urban centers that offer employment opportunities. The work concludes with mitigation recommendations emphasizing the need for land-use planning policies and sustainable management to preserve the ecological functions of wetlands and reduce socio-environmental risks.