Soil Chemistry

Soil degradation encompasses biological chemical and physical processes. Soil is a fundamental component of both 'land' and 'ecosystems' which are broader concepts including vegetation water and climate for land and additionally incorporating social and economic considerations for ecosystems. These changes can significantly impact the physiology and ecology of organisms adapted to survive in conditions with higher metal contents. Anthropogenic activities such as the exploitation of natural resources and their processing through technological processes as well as waste management pose a global environmental pollution issue. The distribution of various chemicals in the soil environment can trigger numerous irreversible processes that lead to severe agronomic soil degradation. Soil chemistry involves complex processes aimed at maintaining optimal soil conditions. However anthropogenic factors and recent climate changes have seriously disrupted natural geochemical and biological balances in soil systems.