<p>This Special Issue covers a wide range of topics from fundamental studies to applications of ionized gases. It is dedicated to four topics of interest: 1. ATOMIC COLLISION PROCESSES (electron and photon interactions with atomic particles heavy particle collisions swarms and transport phenomena); 2. PARTICLE AND LASER BEAM INTERACTION WITH SOLIDS (atomic collisions in solids sputtering and deposition and laser and plasma interactions with surfaces); 3. LOW TEMPERATURE PLASMAS (plasma spectroscopy and other diagnostic methods gas discharges and plasma applications and devices); 4. GENERAL PLASMAS (fusion plasmas astrophysical plasmas and collective phenomena). This Special Issue of <em>Atoms</em> will highlight the need for continued research on ionized gas physics in different topics ranging from fundamental studies to applications and will review current investigations.</p>