Spirit Song

In <em>Spirit Song: Afro-Brazilian Religious Music and Boundaries</em> Marc Gidal investigates how and why a multi-faith community in southern Brazil utilizes music to combine and segregate three Afro-Brazilian religions: Umbanda Quimbanda and Batuque. Combining ethnomusicology and symbolic boundary studies Gidal advances a theory of musical boundary-work: the ways music reinforces bridges or blurs boundaries whether for personal social spiritual or political purposes. Gidal focuses on spirit-mediumship rituals and their musical accompaniment exploring how the Afro-gaucho religious community employs music and rituals to variously promote innovation and egalitarianism in Umbanda and Quimbanda while it reinforces musical preservation and hierarchies in Batuque. Religious and musical leaders carefully restrict the cosmologies ceremonial sequences and sung prayers of one religion from affecting the others so as to safeguard Batuque's African heritage. Members of disenfranchised populations view the religions as vehicles for empowerment whether based on race-ethnicity gender or religious belief; and innovations in ritual music reflect this activism. These rituals come to life through illustrative video and audio examples on the book's companion website. The first book in English to focus on music in Afro-Brazilian religions Spirit Song is a landmark study that will be of interest to ethnomusicologists anthropologists and religious studies scholars.<br>