Sports and the Racial Divide

Essays exploring the complex and evolving status of athletes of colorWith essays by Ron Briley Michael Ezra Sarah K. Fields Billy Hawkins Jorge Iber Kurt Kemper Michael E. Lomax Samuel O. Regalado Richard Santillan and Maureen SmithThis anthology explores the intersection of race ethnicity and sports and analyzes the forces that shaped the African American and Latino sports experience in post-World War II America. Contributors reveal that sports often reinforced dominant ideas about race and racial supremacy but that at other times sports became a platform for addressing racial and social injustices.The African American sports experience represented the continuation of the ideas of Black Nationalism--racial solidarity black empowerment and a determination to fight against white racism. Three of the essayists discuss the protest at the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City. In football baseball basketball boxing and track and field African American athletes moved toward a position of group strength establishing their own values and simultaneously rejecting the cultural norms of whites. Among Latinos athletic achievement inspired community celebrations and became a way to express pride in ethnic and religious heritages as well as a diversion from the work week. Sports was a means by which leadership and survival tactics were developed and used in the political arena and in the fight for justice.Michael E. Lomax is associate professor of health and sport studies at the University of Iowa and the author of Black Baseball Entrepreneurs 1860-1901: Operating by Any Means Necessary. Kenneth L. Shropshire is David W. Hauck Professor at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and director of the school's Sports Business initiative.