This book examines from a Wittgensteinian perspective a version of eliminative materialism formerly propounded by Richard Rorty. The author argues that this view about the nature and existence of minds and mental states which treats them as proto-scientific theoretical entities is false and assumes too crude an understanding of our day-to-day use of mental language. The author also develops positive conclusions in the philosophy of mind from a criticism of these underlying assumptions setting out an alternative position derived from Wittgenstein''s notion of criteria.