Storied Cities

The fabled cities of Italy--Florence Venice and Rome--have each acquired a distinctive tradition of literary representation involving characteristic recurrent motifs and symbolic signatures. A wealth of writing on each is examined in fiction and poetry of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries mainly by British and American authors. Included are works by Robert Browning on Florence and Rome; George Eliot W.D. Howells E.M. Forster and D.H. Lawrence on Florence; Charles Dickens Thomas Mann L.P. Hartley and Anthony Hecht on Venice; Arthur Hugh Clough Nathaniel Hawthorne Edith Wharton and Aldous Huxley on Rome; and Henry James and Bernard Malamud on Florence Venice and Rome.The analysis points to Florence frequently being depicted in terms of binary oppositions including Hebraism versus Hellenism past versus present stasis versus movement and light versus darkness. Venetian narratives are commonly infused with motifs relating to dream and unreality obsession voyeurism isolation melancholia and death. History is a controlling metaphor for Roman fiction and poetry combined with the motif of change and especially fall from innocence to experience. Ross shows how writers have self-consciously built on the literary conventions set earlier and anticipates that these cities will remain natural loci for continued post-modernist experiment. In a wider theoretical framework he examines this writing identified with place for the light it sheds on the issue of the importance of setting in literature.