STUDIES ON PLANT DISEASES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT

The majority of plant illnesses are caused by organisms that are biotic or alive. Many different organisms including fungi bacteria phytoplasmas viruses and viroids nematodes and parasitic higher plants are responsible for the majority of plant illnesses. Disorders that are induced by abiotic causes are not contagious in nature. There are almost an infinite number of factors that can bring about a disorder; however the majority of disorders are brought on by a handful of factors including extremes in temperature moisture light nutrient levels poor soil (acidity or alkalinity salt texture) the toxicity of pesticides air pollution strong winds hail and improper cultural practices. They are especially susceptible to damage caused by insect assaults and the competition that comes from plants that are not desirable (weeds). However plant damage that is caused by insects people or other animals often does not constitute a part of the subject matter of plant pathology investigations.