Surface Biomodification of Implants

Surface biomodification of implants enhances osseointegration by modifying topography chemistry and energy of the implant surface. Techniques include additive methods (plasma spraying hydroxyapatite or calcium phosphate coatings anodization bioactive growth factor coatings) and subtractive methods (acid etching sandblasting laser machining). These alter surface roughness improve wettability and promote protein adsorption and osteoblast attachment. Titanium and its alloys are commonly used with oxide layers improving biocompatibility. Recent strategies involve nanostructuring peptide immobilization and antimicrobial coatings. Overall surface biomodification optimizes mechanical stability accelerates bone healing and reduces implant failure risk ensuring long-term clinical success.