Swedish Ventures in Cameroon 1883-1923

<p> The 1880s were a critical time in Cameroon. A German warship arrived in the Douala estuary and proclaimed Cameroon a protectorate. At that time two Swedes Knutson and Waldau were living on the upper slopes of the Cameroon Mountain. Very little is known about their activities. One Knutson wrote a long memoir of his time in Cameroon (1883-1895) which is published here for the first time. It gives fascinating insights into everyday life in Cameroon and into the multifaceted relationships among the various Europeans and between them and the Africans at the end of the 19th century; we learn about the Swedes' quarrels first with the Germans and later with the British over land purchases thus revealing the origins of long on-going disputes over Bakweri lands. We are given vivid descriptions of Bakweri notables and their and the Europeans' cultural practices a rare eye-witness account of the sasswood witchcraft ordeal and learn about Knutson's friendships with slaves. Together with appended contemporary correspondence legal opinions and early (translated) texts this memoir must be considered as a unique and invaluable primary source for the pre-colonial history of Cameroon.</p>