The Best Choices of Communication Satellites

Communication satellites are one of the most important integral parts of most major wide-area telecommunication networks throughout the world. We are concerned in our study with different types of communication satellites such as Molniya and Geostationary satellites. We study the properties of these communication satellites' orbits and the forces acting on their orbit regions with special emphasis of the effect of the Earth's oblateness solar radiation pressure and luni-solar perturbations. Also the ground track of a satellite in these orbits and the advantages and disadvantages of each orbit were discussed. Finally we give a numerical application showing the effect of the perturbations on Molniya and Geostationary satellites' orbital elements. Finally We studied the effect of the space dust (Cosmic Dust and Space Debris) impacts on the satellites in different regions. We concern with the study of their origins flux models and the mathematical model of the dust impacts probabilities. Finally we state the number of debris particles in the Molniya and geostationary orbits.