This book analyses the relationship between some of the communities located in and around the Tijuca National Park (PARNA-Tijuca) and identifies the pressures resulting from occupation of these areas. PARNA-Tijuca is a Conservation Unit made up of four sectors: Tijuca Forest Serra da Carioca Pedra Bonita/Pedra da Gávea and Pretos Forros/Covanca. Based on the results found it was possible to verify that the region studied is very vulnerable as it is an urban forest which is part of the territory of a large metropolis thus suffering pressure from the dynamics of the city which has been invading the forest and causing negative environmental impacts on it.