The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis in the face of envenomation

Thehypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis is a key player in the interaction between the neuroendocrine and immune systems. This study explores the impact ofAndroctonus australis hector(Aah) venom on HPA axis activation as a function of day-night phases. Using an experimental approach we analyze the inflammatory responses and oxidative damage induced by envenomation highlighting the modulation exerted by corticosterone. Increased serum levels of ACTH and corticosterone indicate increased activation of the HPA most marked during the active phase. At the same time venom causes oxidative damage and cardio-hepatic alterations amplified by excessive production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The involvement of corticosterone in these disturbances was assessed using a dexamethasone suppression test. These results highlight an inflammatory and metabolic response modulated by circadian rhythms underlining the importance of the HPA in the management of toxic stress.