The International Development of China

PREFACEAs soon as Armistice was declared in the recent World War I began to take up the study of the International Development of China and to form programs accordingly. I was prompted to do so by the desire to contribute my humble part in the realization of world peace. China a country possessing a territory of 4289000 square miles a population of 400000000 people and the richest mineral and agricultural resources in the world is now a prey of militaristic and capitalistic powers—a greater bone of contention than the Balkan Peninsula. Unless the Chinese question can be settled peacefully another world war greater and more terrible than the one just past will be inevitable. In order to solve the Chinese question I suggest that the vast resources of China be developed internationally under a socialistic scheme for the good of the world in general and the Chinese people in particular. It is my hope that as a result of this the present spheres of influence can be abolished; the international commercial war can be done away with; the internecine capitalistic competition can be got rid of and last but not least the class struggle between capital and labor can be avoided. Thus the root of war will be forever exterminated so far as China is concerned.Each part of the different programs in this International Scheme is but a rough sketch or a general policy produced from a laymans thought with very limited materials at his disposal. So alterations and changes will have to be made after scientific investigation and detailed survey. For instance in regard to the projected Great Northern Port which is to be situated between the mouths of the Tsingho and the Lwanho the writer thought that the entrance of the harbor should be at the eastern side of the port but from actual survey by technical engineers it is found that the entrance of the harbor should be at the western side of the port instead. So I crave great indulgence on the part of experts and specialists.I wish to thank Dr. Monlin Chiang Mr. David Yui Dr. Y. Y. Tsu Mr. T. Z. Koo and Dr. John Y. Lee who have given me great assistance in reading over the manuscripts with me.Sun Yat-sen. Canton April 25 1921.A Project to Assist the Readjustment of Post-Bellum IndustriesIt is estimated that during the last year of the World War the daily expenses of the various fighting nations amounted to two hundred and forty millions of dollars gold. It is accepted by even the most conservative that only one half of this sum was spent on munitions and other direct war supplies that is one hundred and twenty millions of dollars gold. Let us consider these war supplies from a commercial point of view. The battlefield is the market for these new industries the consumers of which are the soldiers. Various industries had to be enlisted and many new ones created for the supplies. In order to increase the production of these war commodities day by day people of the warring countries and even those of the neutral states had to be content with the barest necessities of life and had to give up all former comforts and luxuries.Now the war is ended and the sole market of these war supplies has closed let us hope forever for the good of humanity. So from now on we are concerned with the problem as to how a readjustment may be brought about. What must be considered first is the reconstruction of the various countries and next the supply of comforts and luxuries that will have to be resumed. We remember that one hundred and twenty million dollars were spent every day on direct war supplies. Let us then suppose that the two items mentioned will take up one half of this sum that is sixty millions of dollars a day which will still leave us a balance of sixty million dollars a day. Besides the many millions of soldiers who were once consumers will from now on become producers again. Furthermore the unification and nationalization of all the industries which I m