The Origins of Alliances (Cornell Studies in Security Affairs)

How are alliances made? In this book Stephen M. Walt makes a significant contribution to this topic surveying theories of the origins of international alliances and identifying the most important causes of security cooperation between states. In addition he proposes a fundamental change in the present conceptions of alliance systems. Contrary to traditional balance-of-power theories Walt shows that states form alliances not simply to balance power but in order to balance threats.Walt begins by outlining five general hypotheses about the causes of alliances. Drawing upon diplomatic history and a detailed study of alliance formation in the Middle East between 1955 and 1979 he demonstrates that states are more likely to join together against threats than they are to ally themselves with threatening powers. Walt also examines the impact of ideology on alliance preferences and the role of foreign aid and transnational penetration. His analysis show however that these motives for alignment are relatively less important. In his conclusion he examines the implications of balance of threat for U.S. foreign policy.