The Self-Altering Process

Walters sets forth an interactive model of lifestyle development which is divided into three phases. Initiation the first phase of lifestyle development is the point at which lifestyle-supporting belief systems evolve from interactions taking place between incentive (existential fear) opportunity (risk factors and learning experiences) and choice (decision-making). Before a pattern becomes a lifestyle it must proceed through a transitional phase in which lifestyle-promoting outcome expectancies are formed and lifestyle-congruent skills are learned. This is followed by a third phase in which the lifestyle is maintained by additional incentive-opportunity-choice interactions.Before a person can exit a lifestyle he or she must proceed through a four-phase process in which the first phase (initiation) is to review life lessons and form attributions that temporarily arrest the lifestyle. Once this is accomplished the next step (transition) is to challenge lifestyle-supporting outcome expectancies and develop skills designed to build self-confidence. The third phase of lifestyle change is to maintain the change by finding involvements commitments and identifications incompatible with the lifestyle. This is followed by a fourth or change phase the goal of which is to illustrate that change is an ongoing and never-ending process. Each phase of change is directed by four core elementsresponsibility meaning community and confidencedesigned to foster change by tapping into a person''s natural ability to self-organize. Scholars researchers and practitioners involved with psychology personality and behavioral change will be particularly interested in this analysis.