The Teachings of Zoroaster and the Philosophy of the Parsi Religion

Zoroaster also known as Zarathustra was an ancient Iranian prophet whose teachings developed into Zoroastrianism. He inaugurated a movement that eventually became the dominant religion in Ancient Persia. He was a native speaker of Old Avestan and lived in the eastern part of the Iranian Plateau but his exact birthplace is uncertain. Dating is uncertain as there is no scholarship consensus as on linguistic and socio-cultural evidence he is dated around 1000 BCE and earlier but others put him in the 7th and 6th century BCE as a contemporary or near-contemporary of Cyrus the Great and Darius I. Zoroastrianism was already an old religion when first recorded and it was the official religion of Ancient Persia and its distant subdivisions from the 6th century BCE to the 7th century CE. He is credited with the authorship of the Yasna Haptanghaiti as well as the Gathas hymns which are at the liturgical core of Zoroastrian thinking. Most of his life is known from the Zoroastrian texts. Zoroaster is recorded as the son of Pourušaspa of the Spitaman or Spitamids (Avestan spit mean brilliant or white; some argue that Spitama was a remote progenitor) family and Dugd?w while his great-grandfather was Ha??ataspa. All the names appear appropriate of the nomadic tradition as his father's means possessing gray horses (with the word aspa meaning horse) while his mother's is milkmaid. According to the tradition he had four brothers two older and two younger whose name are given in much later Pahlavi work. The training for priesthood probably started very early around seven years of age. He became a priest probably around the age of fifteen and according to Gathas he gained knowledge from other teachers and personal experience from traveling when left his parents as twenty years old. By the age of thirty he experienced a revelation during a spring festival; on the river bank he saw a shining Being who revealed himself as Vohu Manah (Good Purpose) and taught him about Ahura Mazda (Wise Spirit) and five other radiant figures. Zoroaster soon became aware of the existence of two primal Spirits the second being Angra Mainyu (Hostile Spirit) with opposing concepts of Asha (truth) and Druj (lie). Thus he decided to spend his life teaching people to seek Asha. He received further revelations and saw a vision of the seven Amesha Spenta and his teachings were collected in the Gathas and the Avesta. He taught about free will and opposed the use of the hallucinogenic Haoma plant in rituals polytheism over-ritualising religious ceremonies and animal sacrifices as well an oppressive class system in Persia which earned him strong opposition among local authorities. Eventually at the age of about forty-two he received the patronage of queen Hutaosa and a ruler named Vishtaspa an early adherent of Zoroastrianism (possibly from Bactria according to the Shahnameh). Zoroaster's teaching about individual judgment Heaven and Hell resurrection of the body Last Judgment and everlasting life for the reunited soul and body among others became borrowings in the Abrahamic religions but they lost the context of the original teaching.