The Verb in Classical Hebrew

<p class=ql-align-justify><span style=color: rgba(209 213 219 1)>The consecutive tenses are fundamental in all descriptions of Classical Hebrew grammar. They are even basic to the textbooks on Biblical Hebrew. Being fundamental in the verbal system and part of any beginner's grammar they pose a serious problem to a linguistic understanding of the verbal system since grammars describe an alternation of 'forms' or 'tenses' in double pairs: wayyiq���ol alternates with its 'equivalent' qa���al and w��-qa���al alternates with its 'equivalent' yiq���ol.</span></p><p class=ql-align-justify><span style=color: rgba(209 213 219 1)>This 'enigma' in the verbal system is handled in the book by recognising that the alternation of the consecutive tenses with other tenses in the reality of the text represents a linking of clauses. The 'consecutive tenses' are clause-types with a natural language connective wa- directly followed by a finite verbal morpheme a type of clause that expressed continuity in the earliest stage of Semitic. The commonly held assumption that there is a special 'consecutive waw' is unwarranted. The use of the 'consecutive' clause-types in order to express discourse continuity indicates that Classical Hebrew has retained the old unmarked declarative word order of Semitic syntax. Seen in the light of recent research on the Tiberian reading tradition the 'consecutive' wayyiq���ol can be analysed as a retention of the old Semitic past perfective *wa-yaqtul which was pronounced wa-yiq���ol in Classical Hebrew. The 'consecutive' w��-q�����al (pronounced wa-qa���al in the classical language) constitutes the result of an internal Hebrew development into a construction (in the sense of Joan Bybee) already foreshadowed in the earliest Northwest Semitic languages.</span></p><p class=ql-align-justify><span style=color: rgba(209 213 219 1)>The book understands the 'consecutive tenses' as discourse continuity clauses which typically form chains of main line clauses. Such chains can be interrupted by other types of clauses. This interruption is a clause linking that receives special attention in the interpretation of the Classical Hebrew verbal system. Chapter six presents a regenerated text linguistics founded on the new terminology. A clause linking approach is the central methodological procedure in this book. To this must be added diachronic typology in a comparative Semitic setting. The linguistic examples of clause linking are gathered from a large Classical Hebrew corpus the Pentateuch and the Book of Judges and made searchable in a database of 6559 non-archaic text records.</span></p>