Therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of diabetes mellitus

Diabetes is a metabolic condition characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from a defect in insulin secretion and/or action. It was a descriptive study with retrospective collection the study took place over a period of one (01) year from January 1 2019 to December 31 2019 at the Hospital Fousseyni Daou (HFD) in Kayes. Our study included diabetic patients with acute and/or chronic complications and patients aged 20 and over. We enrolled 406 diabetic patients representing a hospital prevalence of 19.65%. The mean age at diagnosis was 53.26±9.69 years predominantly male with a sex ratio of 0.62. Glycemic imbalance (HbA1c > 7%) was present in 39.92% of patients. Acute complications were hypoglycemia (68.57%) followed by hyperosmolar hyperglycemia syndrome (17.14%) and diabetic ketoacidosis (14.28%) but no cases of lactic acidosis. Micro angiopathies were peripheral neuropathy (53.51%) followed by diabetic retinopathy (25%) and nephropathy (16.01%).