Thin Film Deposition and Characterization Techniques

This book presents a focused overview of thin-film deposition techniques and their evaluation for advanced energy-storage systems. It highlights two cost-effective and versatile fabrication methods hydrothermal synthesis and electrodeposition which enable controlled tuning of film morphology structure and composition under mild processing conditions. A major emphasis is placed on characterization as the performance of thin films is closely linked to their structural chemical and morphological features. The book covers key analytical tools such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Raman spectroscopy SEM X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) BET analysis and FTIR explaining how each technique contributes to understanding crystallinity bonding oxidation states elemental composition and surface area .Additionally the book details electrochemical performance assessment through CV GCD and EIS analysis. The book serves as a practical guide for students researchers and engineers working on the fabrication and analysis of functional thin films for next-generation energy-storage technologies.