Tilapia Farming Problems by Pesticides and Reduction Cost Production Using Water Hyacinth as Fed

The demand for protein foods in developing countries has increasing in the last years; this is due to an increase in their population and a decrease in family income caused by an imbalance of food resources between low-income countries and countries with surpluses; therefore is necessary a better distribution.Mexico and other developing countries have a high consumption of foods rich in carbohydrates but low in protein; then a solution for this problem could be to increase the production of protein foods such as tilapia since its culture is relatively easy and inexpensive.According to the Mexican government in 2023 the tilapia aquaculture production was over to 21000 metric tons which benefited to thousands of families since the tilapias are mainly for self-consumption improving a protein-rich diet for their inhabitants.On the other hand the developing countries have increased their production of corn wheat rice cassava etc. means an excessive use of pesticides which has caused contamination and environmental deterioration of soil water and food. Moreover Mexico and other developing countries have not able to eradicate some diseases such as Malaria Chikungunya Leishmaniosis; therefore the governments have opted by pesticides use to combat the mosquitoes and other vectors who transmit these diseases. Consequently the pesticides residues contaminate the water food consumed by the population particularly in rural zones.This work is a compilation of two researches realized between 2022 and 2023. The first one show the problems caused by the pesticides on the immune system of tilapias and the accumulation of these compounds in the fish tissues which could cause the same problems in the persons. The second work presents the advantages of using an aquatic plant which is considered by some people as undesirable since it can cover part of the water bodies and cause eutrophication and fishing difficulty. This plant is water hyacinth which after an uncomplicated process of drying and fermentation can substituted around 30% of commercial feed and then to reduce the production cost for tilapia farmers.